The listenResult magic variable will hold the value passed to the call to karate.signal(). Note that it is a map of lists so you will need to do things like this: And just as in the responseCookies example above, you can use match to run complex validations on the responseHeaders. if you want to conditionally stop a test with a descriptive error message, e.g. Here is how to replace one placeholder at a time: Karate makes it really easy to substitute multiple placeholders in a single, readable step as follows: Note how strings have to be enclosed in quotes. Standard JavaScript syntax rules apply, but the right-hand-side should begin with the function keyword if declared in-line. And this example may make it clear why using Karate itself to drive even your UI-tests may be a good idea. You also have the option of setting multiple cookies in one-step using the cookies keyword. In cases where the data-source needs multiple steps, for e.g. If you have one pre-started, you need to use the playwrightUrl driver config. This applies to JS functions as well: These heavily commented demo examples can help you understand shared scope better, and are designed to get you started with creating re-usable sign-in or authentication flows: Once you get comfortable with Karate, you can consider moving your authentication flow into a global one-time flow using karate.callSingle(), think of it as callonce on steroids. This is exactly like match == but the order of arrays does not matter. Karate can run tests in parallel, and dramatically cut down execution time. political education get metadata about the currently executing feature within a test, functional-style filter operation useful to filter list-like objects (e.g. The short cut $variableName form is also supported. The webDriverUrl driver configuration key is optional, but if specified, will be used as the W3C WebDriver remote server. For example for web-automation, a / prefix means XPath and else it would be evaluated as a CSS selector. You signal that a submit is expected by calling the submit() function (which returns a Driver object) and then chaining the action that is expected to trigger a page load. Since XML is represented internally as a JSON-like or map-like object, if you perform string concatenation when printing, you will not see XML - which can be confusing at first. Note that it uses a string contains match, so you just need to supply a portion of the URL you are expecting. }] This report is useful for troubleshooting and debugging a test because all requests and responses are shown in-line with the steps, along with error messages and the output of print statements. Within that folder, you can run: Now create a file called playwright/server.js with the following code: The main thing here is that the server URL should be logged to the console when it starts. In this Karate Framework Tutorial, We are going to create the Own Karate API Testing Automation Framework, We will use the Person APIs (with JSON Server). sorts the list using the provided custom function called for each item in the list (and the optional second argument is the item index) e.g. You can potentially include the steps of deploying (and un-deploying) the application-under-test using this approach - but probably the top-level JUnit test-suite would be the right place for those. Otherwise they would be evaluated as expressions - which does come in useful for some dynamic data-driven situations: Yes, you can even nest chunks of JSON in tables, and things work as you would expect. If you get stuck trying to align the search path, especially if the origin is a small chunk of text that is aligned right or left - try near(). This is a very powerful way to generate test-data without having to load a large number of data rows into memory. He created Karate to address some of the issues of Selenium. """, * def timeLong = call dateStringToLong '2016-12-24T03, # import yaml (will be converted to json), # if the js file evaluates to a function, it can be re-used later using the 'call' keyword (or invoked just like normal js), # the following short-cut is also allowed, # perfect for all those common authentication or 'set up' flows, And request karate.readAsString('classpath, # use only 'ssim' (structural similarity) engine, # always use both 'resemble' and 'ssim' engines but only evaluate the lowest mismatch percentage against our `failureThreshold`, # prefer 'resemble' and fallback to 'ssim' engine only if the resemble mismatch percentage is >= `failureThreshold`, # only consider the comparison as failed when 2% or more pixels are different from the baseline, * configure imageComparison = { failureThreshold, # consider image comparisons that fail due to too many mismatched pixels as passed (especially useful when you are first starting without any baseline images), * configure imageComparison = { mismatchShouldPass, # custom JS function called in Karate HTML image comparison UI when the user clicks the `Rebase` button, """ Observe how you can mix different locator types, because they are all just string-values that behave differently depending on whether the first character is a / (XPath), {} (wildcard), or not (CSS). When you have a large and complex project, you will end up with a few data files (e.g. Since multiple values are supported, you can also do this: A little-known capability of the Cucumber / Gherkin syntax is to be able to tag even specific rows in a bunch of examples ! """, * configure imageComparison = { onShowConfig, # don't embed the image comparison UI when the latest image is the same / similar to the baseline (e.g. But to be able to run JUnit 5 tests from the command-line, you need to ensure that the latest version of the maven-surefire-plugin is present in your project pom.xml (within the / section): To run a single test method, for example the testTags() in the example above, you can do this: Also look at how to run tests via the command-line and the parallel runner. Step 1: Create a feature file under src > test > java folder. The Runner.Builder API has a dryRun() method to switch this on. This should make it clear why Karate does not provide out of the box support for any particular HTTP authentication scheme. You can lock down the fact that you only want to execute the single JUnit class that functions as a test-suite - by using the following maven-surefire-plugin configuration: Note how the karate.options can be specified using the configuration. var date = new java.util.Date(); Reading files is achieved using the built-in JavaScript function called read(). Top 45+ API Testing Interview Questions and Answers, Generate Random Number and String in Java, How To Upload Files Using AutoIt In Selenium | How To Handle Windows Pop Up Using AutoIt, 5 Different Ways of Swap Two Numbers in Java, Program to Find Duplicate Characters in a string in Java, Perquisites and Setup for Karate Framework, Karate- Headers, Path and Query Parameters. Especially when payloads are complex (or highly dynamic), it may be more practical to use contains semantics. Emulating a device is supported natively only by type: chrome. In other words, when call or callonce is used without a def, the called script not only shares all variables (and configure settings) but can update the shared execution context. Which suggests that the step should be in the When form, for example: When method post. Karate framework is developed by Peter Thomas employed at Intuit. EXPR in the table above is an interesting one. Note that waitForUrl() will also act as an assertion, so you dont have to do an extra match. Valid options are, The number of bits used to encode each pixel, The maximum size on the smallest dimension before downsampling. This is typically combined with multipart file as shown below. a login flow) into a common feature that can be called from multiple test-scripts. If a file does not end in .json, .xml, .yaml, .js, .csv or .txt, it is treated as a stream - which is typically what you would need for multipart file uploads. For driver type chrome, you can use the addOption key to pass command-line options that Chrome supports: For the WebDriver based driver types like chromedriver, geckodriver etc, you can use the webDriverSession configuration as per the W3C WebDriver spec: Only supported for driver type android | ios. }". Get all my courses for USD 5.99/Month - https://bit.ly/all-courses-subscriptionIn this Karate Tutorial, we will learn about webelement functions in Karate, l. Format of the trustStore file. If you want, you could even create nested chunks of JSON that name-space your config variables. Step 2: Add Cucumber plugin in Eclipse > Restart eclipse. For suppressing sensitive information such as secrets and passwords from the log and reports, see Log Masking and Report Verbosity. Format of the keyStore file. In this video, We are going to learn How to Automate a LIVE Project using Karate UI Automation Tutorial. Keep in mind that the start-up configuration routine could have already initialized some variables before the script even started. Pay attention to the fact that the includes() function you see in the above example - is pure JavaScript. Note that you can even include calls to a database from Karate using Java interop. In addition, it also supports mocks, performance testing, and Mobile test Automation with other inbuilt features Also Karate will call the executable with three arguments in this order: So this is how you can communicate your cross-browser config from your Karate test to the executable. If you really need to have an empty body, you can use an empty string as shown below, and you can force the right Content-Type header by using the header keyword. Finally, the page is updated to display the first-name, last-name and the image. This can be convenient if a particular call results in a huge response payload. 2. 'name is Bob and age is 5', # the single cell can be any valid karate expression, * def generator = function(i){ if (i == 20) return null; return { name, Keywords that set multiple key-value pairs in one step, Managing Headers, SSL, Timeouts and HTTP Proxy, Matching Sub-Sets of JSON Keys and Arrays, mix Karate into Java projects or legacy UI-automation suites, Karate entered the ThoughtWorks Tech Radar, 7 New Features in Karate Test Automation Version 1.0, nested chunks of JSON that name-space your config variables, alternate way of calling JavaScript functions, exact same example implemented in REST-assured and TestNG, do not use this unless you know what you are doing, see above, Comparison engine(s) to use. By now, it should be clear that JsonPath can be very useful for extracting JSON trees out of a given object. All arrays no matter the depth will be checked in this way. return 'this text will be displayed above the image comparison config\n' + customConfigJson Also refer to the eval keyword for a simpler way to execute arbitrary JavaScript that can be useful in some situations. can be specified like this: A special variable called Key will be available and you can see all the possible key codes here. You can easily assert that all expected elements are present, even in nested parts of your JSON - while doing a match on the full payload. A very useful capability is to be able to check that an array contains an object that contains the provided sub-set of keys instead of having to specify the complete JSON - which can get really cumbersome for large objects. In normal programming languages, global variables are a bad thing, but for test-automation (when you know what you are doing) - this can be really convenient. """, # very useful for validating a response against a schema "super-set", * match karate.filterKeys(response, 'b', 'c') == { c, * match karate.filterKeys(response, ['a', 'b']) == { a, # generate a range of numbers as a json array, """ This is super-useful when you need to wait for say a table of slow-loading results, and where the table may contain fewer elements at first. foo: 'hello', * header Authorization = call read('basic-auth.js') { username, # just perform an action, we don't care about saving the result, # do something only if a condition is true, # you can use multiple lines of JavaScript if needed, """ hero(name: "") { Add the plugin to the / section of your pom.xml if not already present: If you want to use JUnit 4, use the karate-junit4 Maven dependency instead of karate-junit5. In fact it may be a good idea to slip doubles instead of integers into some of your tests ! Also referred to as mutual auth - if your API requires that clients present an X509 certificate for authentication, Karate supports this via JSON as the configure ssl value. After you have switched, any future actions such as click() would operate within the selected