Since quantitative metrics are not a focus in this theory, it becomes hard to measure employee growth and success. 2. 1. Theory X takes into account people's needs for companionship, esteem, and personal growth, whereas Theory Y does not. Its important to us that we challenge our assumptions frequently. Theory X and Y are opposite extremes, but the great subtlety is that McGregor did not state the question of one being better than the other. Theory X is useful for less experienced employees who have just stepped into the professional world. Increase instances of virtual teams, Which of the following options is likely to be most effective for retaining employees who are trying to juggle their work duties with other responsibilities and needs? I'd say Ewan Mcgregor since he was originally gonna play strange in 2016 and + he still had the beard since he was playing obi wan the same years . 3. an example of job enlargement. Student motivation is correlated with learning. 5. Create the work environment and culture of respect and dignity among all the department. They believe that the following statements are true of workers: 1. The idea behind using letters X and Y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness associated with these theories. Workers do not need to be micromanaged; they are self-directed. E. a manager who focuses on the hygiene factors proposed by Herzbcrg. 4. job enlargement. Herzberg's hygiene factors. On the other hand, managers who adopt Theory Y assumptions shape systems where trust in people is one of the central pillars. Most people can handle responsibility because creativity and ingenuity are common in the population. McGregor felt that organizations and their managers followed one or the other approach: Theory X Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. Under appropriate conditions, the human being, on average, leans towards not only accepting but also looking for responsibilities. The two theories proposed by McGregor describe contrasting models of workforce motivation applied by managers in human resource management, organizational behavior, organizational communication and organizational development. Motivation It is possible to observe a strong interdependence between Theory Y and enabling leadership, an attractive corporate culture for people and teams that relate to each other with trust and respect. 2. In contrast to Theory Y, McGregor suggested that conventional managers assume that people are lazy (which he called Theory X), avoid responsibility, and need coercion and control. Using either theory is an extreme style of management. Necessary rewards upon task completion can be given to keep employees motivated. 2. Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: 1. T or F, According to the classical theory of motivation, intrinsic Jobs are more satisfying as the opportunity for job sharing increases. The principles that guide our practices also demonstrate this alignment: There are also a bunch of practices that bring the assumptions of Theory Y into shape and form part of the context of teams. 3. McGregor's XY Theory of Management - The Simplest explanation ever.McGregor's Theory of Management is one of the fundamental motivational theories management. ________ involves changing behavior and encouraging appropriate actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the behavior itself. Frederick Taylor. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Selena is a programmer for a streaming company. Guha starts a new job as a programmer at a telecommunications company. 5. job enlargement. Hygiene factors of the two-factor theory Your email address will not be published. Provide effective, supportive and non-intrusive supervision. It was inspired by Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and its roots are also based in the Motivation Theory. Every worker deserves a cookie and privacy! He established the two contrasting theories to understand a managers beliefs regarding employee motivation and its effect on management style. Avoiding confrontation (unless you are genuinely being bullied, which is a different matter) and delivering results are key tactics. Is there an internal conflict between team members? 5. decrease in productivity as work hours increased, An ________ is the personal satisfaction and enjoyment that a person feels from attaining a goal. 2. increase in productivity regardless of physical conditions Wash Sale Rule: Example and How to Avoid It? BusinessBalls (Alan Chapman) developed them to help theunderstanding and application of McGregor's XY Theory concept. Under these conditions, people will seek responsibility. Theory Z is often referred to as the 'Japanese' management style, which is essentially what it is. McGregors X and Y Theories are contrasting theories that depict two different aspects of human behavior at work. must. Theory X and Theory Y were part of McGregor's philosophy of management, which represented a fundamental change in management thought and practice. All Rights Reserved. Herzberg's motivational factors. E. the equity theory. 5. ideal for all companies. McGregor recognized that some people may not have reached the level of maturity assumed by Theory Y and may initially need tighter controlsthat can be relaxed as the employee develops. The soft approach, however, is to be permissive and seek harmony in the hopes that, in return, employees will cooperate when asked. What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? Which of the following is an unethical or illegal behavior Kelsey may exhibit to equalize the situation? 4. Only when these needs are met can people focus their attention on satisfying the next level of needs. Theory X says people don't like to work and will avoid it if they can. Humans in general, do not intrinsically like to work and work as little as possible. 1. Morale. Maslows theory uses a pyramid to describe the different types of needs that need to be met. McGregor and Maslow hierarchy. The manager will trust the employees decisions and help them understand their contribution to the company. Reward systems must correspond to intrinsic factors if employees are to be motivated. McGregor's X and Y Theories are contrasting theories that depict two different aspects of human behavior at work. Theory Y is McGregor's other modem view of the nature of man. 2. Likely to increase overhead costs for business 4. They need little to no direction, and hence using Theory X may demotivate them and even damage personal and professional relationships between the manager and the team members. McGregor showedat a time when labor-management relations were becoming more adversarialthat there was another way to view workers and leadership. Douglas McGregor wrote about Theory X and Theory Y In the late 1950s and early 1960s. Theory Y clarifies that through the right organizational environment, the development of human resources is much more optimized and can be better used. Introduction I decided to explore the concept of McGregor's X and Y theory, also known as Theory X and Theory Y, which was developed by Douglas McGregor in his 1960 book "The Human Side of . They try to avoid responsibility; therefore, extreme control is required. Open communication and regular incentives are the foundation of this theory, as managers believe in not controlling the staff but collaborating with them. 2. by adding more tasks to a job instead of treating each task as separate ________ is the difference between a desired state and an actual state. Theory X and Theory Y: Which Enhances the Staffs Performance Better? 2. See also the article about Assertive Techniques and Self Confidence. Operations Management questions and answers, In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. | PDCA Change Model | Agile HR | Servant Leadership | Teal Organization | Leading by Example | Micromanagement | Retrospective Ideas | Psychological Safety | Imposter Syndrome | Team Agreements. It takes into consideration, the pessimistic behaviour of an average human being, who is less ambitious and inherently lazy. 3. a system that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified core time. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. As a result, they must be closely controlled and often coerced to achieve organizational objectives. Each level, or type of human need, can only be achieved if all of the levels below are satisfied, starting with basic needs at the bottom. This site is developed by Dr. Serhat Kurt. Jobs are more satisfying when employees are provided with greater perks. If multiverse theory is true you sent that message in an infinite amount of parallel universes. 3. The company usesmonetary rewards and benefits to satisfy employees lower-level needs. about Agile HR and how you can foster that. How to apply Theory X and Y in the workplace. 4. likely to increase overhead costs for businesses. Such individuals are used to working on their own terms and accomplishing tasks. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. William Ouchi. 5. ignore the physiological needs of his employees. 3. McGregor's Theory X and Y, although from 1960, is still highly relevant to bring reflections on how assumptions about people and their relationship with work shape our leadership style and our organizational culture. the equity theory. The Situational Leadership Theory by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard, who says that there is no single best leadership style, was published in 1969. Theory X is an authoritarian style of management that assumes employees want to be . McGregor argued that the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups. B. the humanistic view of management. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. The Theory X and Theory Y created by Douglas McGregor in 1950s and developed later in the 1960s. Sign up now and learn more about new practices and games, awesome workshops and activities, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement. Why should any one be controlled unless an employer knows one has a mental illness issue and thus feel the need to control ones actions???? Workers are willing to accept challenges and are proud of the work that they do. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. Managers have many assumptions about their employees in Theory X: Many of these assumptions are based on basic physical needs. It reduces the working hours of employees and thus reduces pressure. However, McGregor asserts that neither approach is appropriate, since the basic assumptionsof Theory X are incorrect. Workers have little motivation and prefer direction from their superiors. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Theory X Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a1155d291d2925622a07c4cb35dcd7be" );document.getElementById("jcdce23a82").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Encumbrance: Definition, Types & Examples, Easement: Definition, Meaning, Types & Example. His ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people: McGregor's ideas significantly relate to the modern understanding ofthe Psychological Contract, which provides many ways to appreciate the unhelpful nature of X-Theory leadership and the useful constructive beneficial nature of Y-Theory leadership. 5. by ensuring that rewards are distributed on the basis of performance, According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs do people strive to satisfy first? As part of this theory, managers must be able to motivate employees. A problem hygiene factor? The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. Physical and mental effort at work is as natural as leisure or rest. Please use it as such. Motivation and Improving Workplace Performance, Motivational Model: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, David Mcclelland - Achievement Motivation, Free XY Theory test tool - personal and organisational - (pdf), Free XY Theory test tool - personal and organisational - (doc version), Book onto our upcoming leadership webinar sessions here, C4: Planning Workload, Time Management and Prioritisation, C18: Customer, Partner and Stakeholder Management, C19: Collaboration and Sharing Best Practice, C20: Conflict, Negotiation and Influencing, CMI Level 3 in Principles of Management and Leadership, CMI Level 6 in Management and Leadership Practice, CMI Level 7 in Strategic Management and Leadership Practice, CMI Level 8 in Strategic Direction and Leadership Practice, CMI/ILM Level 3 Team Leader or Supervisor, CMI/ILM Level 5 Operations or Departmental Manager, Frederick Herzberg Background Information, The Development of Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory. 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