In 1951 the Kefauver Crime Committee concluded that a nationwide crime syndicate known as the Mafia operated in many large cities and that its leaders usually controlled the most lucrative rackets in these areas. Charge up to $175 for disseminating information from each race. Pages 73 through 116 discuss "Strategies Against Organized Crime in Pennsylvania" and are not included in this web version of the report. 241 The following Cosa Nostra members are in federal prison, for the following offenses: Peter Casella is serving a 40 year sentence for illegal traffic in narcoties; Frank Palermo, Sr., is serving a 15 year sentence for extortion. Patricia Cristina was the Head Savings Teller for the East Liberty Branch of the Mellon National Bank. Other Families. They done the same thing in Pittsburgh. (Subsequent investigation has fixed the number of "core group" Cosa Nostra families at twenty-six.) Ask for the big man. [90] In July of 1969, Pennsylvania State Police raided the gambling establishment of Leonard "Spike" Carlucci, Steven Nesko of Dunmore was arrested for bookmaking. 6. [129] Later in 1956 Riccobene was convicted on state charges in Philadelphia of dealing in heroin. 161 Report of the Attorney General of Pennsylvania on Vice Conditions in Berks County, quoted in the Reading Times, November 16, 1967, p. 1; also, Commonwealth vs. Fudemun, et al. Riccobene was supported in his unsuccessful request for a commutation of sentence by former State Senator Vincent Scarcelli. 111-68; vol. Such businesses are kept in order to create an image of the "friendly corner" candy or cigar store bookie, who handles nickels and dimes to make a little more money. [202], In 1958 Cosa Nostra member Antonio Caponigro was called before a federal grand jury then probing the huge illicit liquor still uncovered in Reading. In 1954 the body of Marshall Veneziale, a known bootlegger, was found in Philadelphia. 1 talking about this. (Pittsburgh: U.S. District Court, Western District of Pennsylvania), Criminal No. One of the lingering myths about criminal syndicates is that their leaders may have murdered and beaten each other during Prohibition, but that pattern has gradually altered. He took a taxi to a hospital where he was informed, the next day, that the $2,000 car would pay $500 worth of the debts and that if he didn't sign over the title, he would owe the usurer $100 a week interest. Subsequent investigation showed that a substantial portion of the profits was channeled to New York. Sometimes, however, it is necessary to reinforce the attitude of fear by committing a selected act of violence. (c) $15,000 per year was paid by Grosso to bagmen for political officials in Pittsburgh. The following tabulation is taken from a study of ten cases involving (a) criminal offenses, (b) deportation hearings, and (c) extradition proceedings, in which public officials vouched for reputed racketeers: Two cases emphasize the way in which character witnesses are used to secure major reductions in sentence. Cosa Nostra Boss John LaRocca of Pittsburgh attended a number of meetings with major national racketeers in 1955 and 1956, Federal Bureau of Narcotics agents revealed that in 1955 he visited Gary, Indiana, where he met with Anthony Pinelli to discuss his disguised interests in jukebox and pinball machines. The subversion of government which results from bribery or illicit influence creates an atmosphere in which individual agencies become reluctant to pursue organized crime. 172, 307. 170 Fred J. Cook, "The Jackals at J.F.K," New York Times Magazine, April 12, 1970. From Harding . On April 23, 1958, he delivered his findings to Governor Averell Harriman: A significantly large proportion of the Apalachin participants are engaged in what appear on the surface to be legitimate activities connected with the garment industry, namely, as manufacturing wholesalers, contractors, truckers, labor "consultants," and union officials. "Influence peddlers," "fixers," and "corrupters" abound as never before. Reading, or "Wincanton," as it was called by the President's Crime Commission, was known as a wide-open city prior to the past seven years of reform, and numerous prosecutions revealed that a criminal-political elite was dominating it.[214]. The goal is nullification of government, whether the means be bribes, more subtle rewards, or a pervasive fear of vigorously enforcing the law. In 1965 the New York State Commission of Investigation concluded that Cosa Nostra leader John Masiello was the "behind the scenes" power of the association. Following the Gorey and DeGeorge murders, authorities began inyestigating reports that one of the prizes in the factional struggle for 107's leadership was control over gambling and loan sharking at trucking terminals and warehouses. The same process is used to select the second digit (4th and 5th races} and third (6th and 7th. Dick was subsequently indicted for giving false testimony to a federal grand. The organized crime ring was headed by Rafael Levi, 50, of Brooklyn, N.Y., Attorney General Shapiro said at a news conference today at the Office of Attorney General in Strawberry Square. It was higher than in 87.7% U.S. cities. In 1931, violent factional struggles occurred between members of the older, traditional Mafia and younger Sicilian-Americans who sought a more tolerant attitude toward non-Sicilian racketeers. REFORMS IN PENNSYLVANIA LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES, BOTH STATE AND LOCAL, ARE ALSO REVIEWED. Later, word of this spread through the underworld and Donato was kidnapped. "[201] In 1967 Pittsburgh racketeer Augustine Ferrone was charged with assaulting an IRS Intelligence agent when the agent tried to prevent Ferrone frem destroying gambling records during a raid. SUPPORTING STAFF: Most Cosa Nostra and Independent racketeers have long records of violent crime. First is the tradition of complete obedience to the rulings of the boss or the Commission. A trailer for Mafia Ties has been released, along with pictures of certain scenes most showing Mafia types in seedy situations. However, this was not accomplished without violence, and he is believed to have ordered in 1929 the execution of three brothers of the rival Volpe gang in Pittsburgh. He was sentenced to a term of 7 1/2 to 15 years. They had paid back most of the money plus interest, but still owed $100. Henry R. Wray, Deputy Attorney General. It did have a reputation for a while though. (New York: U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York), Criminal No. On Memorial Day of 1927, two rival racketeers were brutally slain and four others were wounded in a daylight assassination attempt. 111 Information contained in a statement submitted to the Office of the District Attorney of Philadelphia in 1967. Robert Nickoloff, Agent, Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, U.S. Department of Justice, Philadelphia. "[126] In 1952 he was convicted in federal court in Philadelphia for conspiring to purchase large amounts of heroin from a Baltimore supplier, and was sentenced to a term of one year. 186 The 1967 Report to the People of Philadelphia from the Office of the District Attorney, p. 112-113. In December of 1967, eight individuals including a former secretary-treasurer of the union were charged with fraudulently securing over $16,000 in bank loans. Revelations by Cosa Nostra member Joseph Valachi (1963-1965). n. 7. From the Kefauver Crime Committee investigation of 1950-51 to the recent indictments of major Pennsylvania organized criminals, there lies a grim documented history of the sustained exploitation and subversion of government, business, labor, and private citizenry by the crime syndicates. 2. Prohibition-era [ edit] In fact, Rosario (Russell) Bufalino was credited with arranging an infamous "Apalachin Convention" of leading organized crime figures in 1957. Following a violent purge of older members in 1931, a fusion of Sicilian and other Italian racketeers was created which from that time to the present has been known as "La Cosa Nostra," or "Our Thing. In 1958 the U.S. Bureau of Narcotics culminated a major narcotics conspiracy case against national Cosa Nostra boss Vito Genovese and over fifteen other major Cosa Nostra leaders. 15687. On September 24, 1968, Philadelphia police officers raided the flower shop of Frank D'Alfonso in South Philadelphia. [17] Commission members usually serve for a period of five years. In 1963 two enforcers, members of the Philadelphia Cosa Nostra family, were arrested for beating two brothers, Nicholas and George Fiocca, who had earlier borrowed a total of $350 from loan shark Frank Colone. Because the odds are so heavily weighted against the player, the profits are tremendous. 2-3. Do you receive unwanted calls? Going along becomes political realism. 221 An account of former Judge Bonnelly's testimony can be found in the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, April 10, 1964, p. l. 222 US. [178] In 1970 a trucking company official, Jake D'Agata, was indicted for perjury by a federal grand jury in Philadelphia which was investigating payoffs to officials of the same local, D'Agata was charged with perjury. However, since that time the narcotics traffic in Philadelphia has markedly increased. 67-284. Secrecy can sometimes be achieved where the public is the victim (not the consumer) of organized crime operations when crimes are planned against the citizen without his consent. [210] At Jaskiewicz' tax evasion trial in 1969, an IRS intelligence agent quoted Jaskiewicz as stating to him that "you have to 'pay off' [authorities] in order to stay in business. Other members of the organization were charged for a variety of crimes, including attempted murder, bank robbery, and counterfeiting. Monte was later convicted of operating a numbers lottery, and Potnick was arrested in 1970 for helping plot a multi-million dollar series of burglaries in Delaware County.[151]. An attempt was made to murder an informant working inside the organization who was cooperating with Michigan authorities. stabilized. In addition, the Attorney General must propose, and develop, new legislation, and he can provide legal assistance to local agencies. (Pittsburgh: US, District Court, Western District of Pennsylvania, Criminal No. A DISCUSSION OF THE STRATEGIES USED AGAINST ORGANIZED CRIME IN PENNSYLVANIA CONSIDERS PAST LAW ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS, THE PROBLEMS WITH THESE EFFORTS, AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE STATE COMMISSION AND POLICE FORCE, AS WELL AS THE FEDERAL STRIKE FORCE AND THE OMNIBUS CRIME CONTROL AND SAFE STREETS ACT OF 1968. John S. LaRocca. )[109] Whatever the reasons for their poor credit rating, ignorance and the inability of borrowers to obtain legitimate credit lead them into the clutches of a loan shark, The result is a major law-enforcement problem, caused in part by often violent methods of collection. The publicity attendant to the Apalachin meeting deterred Cosa Nostra leaders from scheduling similar conferences in the immediate future. 31 Information supplied by various law enforcement agencies. [14] Two other ranking officials in Cosa Nostra families are significant; the "underboss" ("sottocapo") and the counselor ("consigliere"). 206 Task Force Report: Organized Crime, p. 6. [29] Bureau of Narcotics investigations revealed that LaRocca had attended an organized crime meeting in Sierra Madre, California, on March 14, 1956, in company with Gary, Indiana, racketeer Anthony Pinelli, Los Angeles Cosa Nostra boss Frank DeSimone, and Salvatore Marino, a caporegime in the LaRocca family residing in California. [72] In 1969, Pennsylvania State Police officials arrested a Cosa Nostra member and three major associates for running numbers gambling operations, but indictments were returned against only two individuals; the remainder were discharged. Planning of Cosa Nostra domination of the illicit traffic in narcotics, and dealing with the problems posed by vigorous federal enforcement activity. 16214. Finally, the Commission may take over the operation of a boss's family for a period of time until it is satisfied with his performance. General terms of payment are "six-for-five" per week, or a return of six dollars for every five borrowed. Seized in the raid were Philadelphia Cosa Nostra boss Angelo Bruno; his chief lieutenant Phillip Testa; and Gerald Laietta, a caporegime in the Vito Genovese Cosa Nostra family from New York. All identification and clothing is removed from the body, and is placed in the open grave and covered. Act 131 comes on the heels of the 2010 passage of HB 1720 (Act 33), which added 3929.3. For these reasons syndicate interests in legitimate businesses are of acute concern to law enforcement agencies. William DiRugeris sssaulted an agent during the raid and was convicted of the charge in 1968. 19715; and U.S. us. Criminal syndicates in Pennsylvania have recently become involved in defrauding insurance companies of divi-, dends by making fradulent claims. 165 U.S. vs. Lippi, et al. It is lucrative - racketeers can make more money out of legitimate businesses than legitimate businessmen can, given their connections and ready access to bribery and coercion. Reports issued by state and local law enforcement authorities. Linda Lupold Some has been assembled within the state. It was higher than in 92.5% U.S. cities. 1990 Report. In addition to these five families, five more are presently conducting or in the immediate past have conducted operations in Pennsylvania although members do not permanently reside here. This involved wiring a telephone which was listed to an unsuspicious address so that it actually operated some. The Drug Strike ForceSection is charged with providing onsite legal assistance and direction to Bureau of Narcotics Investigation and Drug Control Agents as they jointly develop complex cases for prosecution against narcotics traffickers and their organizations throughout Pennsylvania and across state borders. Borrowers go to loan sharks because they are considered high-risk clients by legitimate loan companies. Weighted against these pressures are the facts of the case, perhaps dealing with a single crime which actually is but one fragment of an ongoing organized operation. Investigations conducted by Pennsylvania State Police and local authorities in Pittsburgh and Philadelphia reveal that most numbers syndicates are run similarly. These included Santo Volpe, Sr., of Pittston; Albert Anastasia of New York (later the executioner for Murder, Inc.) ; Anthony Bonasera and John Oddo from Brooklyn; Paul Palmieri from New Jersey; and Sam DiCarlo from Buffalo. Prosecutors and investigators in Pennsylvania must pool their resources and start working together. I. INFILTRATION AND CONTROL OFLEGITIMATE BUSINESSES. 139, January, 1969 Term of Grand Jury. After DeCavalcante claimed that his daily play was worth $33,751 in the Bristol area, Bruno announced his decision that whatever profits there were would be split between DeCavalcante and Goia evenly, by Bruno's cousin, Cosa Nostra member Charles "Pinky" Costello of Trenton. Thomas Kennelly, Deputy Chief, Organized Crime and Racketeering Section, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, D.C. He has to! Harrisburg, PA - The Pennsylvania State Police (PSP) recently released its Ten Most Wanted list with new additions taking the place of fugitives who . In 1968 Medico Industries received a $3.9 million defense contract to produce 600,000 missile warheads for rockets to be used in Viet Nam. It'll be the teamsters. The book centers on the organized crime family in the 1940s, '50s and '60s that law enforcement officials said was headed by the late brothers Sam and Gabriel "Kelly" Mannerino. The staff is dedicated solely to environmental crimes investigations and prosecutions. It was believed that Caponigro had been called into Reading to teach the local operators how to manage the operation. To the surprise of officials in New York, many of the connections of New York bookmakers were centered in Pennsylvania. Labor-Management Collusion: "Sweetheart" Contracts. In 1967 a member of a dissident faction, Robert DeGeorge, was murdered outside a union meeting hall. When the Office of Attorney General litigates the case, this Section sends the equitable share to the District Attorneys Office after liquidation of the asset. [198], Violence against Consumers of Organized Crime Services. A way of life, it imposes rigid discipline on underlings who do the dirty work while the top men of organized crime are generally insulated from the criminal act and the consequent danger of prosecution.[2]. Partner in M. Maggio and Company and Michael's Dairies, Inc., one of the largest dairy companies in Philadelphia. Due to the nature of environmental crimes cases, many investigations are conducted utilizing the Pennsylvania Statewide Investigating Grand Juries in Harrisburg, Pittsburgh and Norristown. Large scale dice or "crap" games have been prominent forms of revenue for organized crime in Pennsylvania. ALSO EXAMINED ARE NEW TACTICS AND LEGISLATION NEEDED TO COMBAT ORGANIZED CRIME. The brutal details of organized crime murders have long shocked the general public. He was convicted for his part in the Reading still case and two other cases involving stills in Southern New Jersey. (Research has shown that the "high risk" label attached to many borrowers is unfair and that they are as dependable as others who reccive loans from legitimate concerns. (Reading: Court of Quarter Sessions of Berks County), Bill Nos. Equipment and training related to drug enforcement are also available through the OAG or presented by qualified Bureau personnel. The Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board awarded a license to DeNaples after an investigation that looked into whether he had any ties to organized crime or financial problems. "[185] When Cosa Nostra member Harry Riccobene was searched by Philadelphia Police in 1968, he had in his possession an address book containing the names of two former Local 107 officers and one current one. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania), Criminal No. 11 and 19, "Pennsylvania" (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1951). In addition, the Appeals and Legal Services Section provides general legal and research support to the Criminal Law Division, coordinates and schedules all matters to be brought before the statewide investigating grand juries. The major defendant, Angelo Piazza, was a known associate of Cosa Nostra boss Russell Bufalino. 39 DeCavalcante transcripts, vol. At times, he must he ready to back up his sinister reputation, since his effectiveness may depend upon public belief that he is ruthless - depend, that is, upon fear. [180], The Report also cited the involvement of Philadelphia numbers racketeer Abe Berman, labor racketeer Sam "Shorty" Feldman, and Ben Lapensohn, described as Raymond Cohen's "fixer," who arranged outright shakedowns of a Philadelphia garage owner. In contrast, communities with aggressive leaders who try to solve urban problems usually become aware of organized crime and seek appropriate solutions. During his trial federal agents and other witnesses established the fact that a major portion of Parenti's unreported income came from numbers operations he was controlling. People who live in Scranton generally consider the southwest part of the city to be the safest. 63-192. The FBI estimates merchants lose in excess of $30 billion each year due to this activity, the revenues of which have been linked to . 141 DeCavalcante transcripts, vol. . 73 U.S. vs. Parenti (Philadelphia: U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania), Criminal No. Criminal charges against state officials or employees affecting the performance of their public duties or the maintenance of the public trust and criminal charges against persons attempting to influence such state officials or employees to benefit from such influence or attempt to influence. 71 P.S. 4 Investigation of Organized Crime in Interstate Commerce, U.S. Senate Special Committee to Investigate Organized Crime in Interstate Commerce, Pts. Murschetz stated that the racketeers told him they "wanted [my] business as a front for expanding gambling operations in Beaver County."[162]. 67-110; and Commonwealth vs. Janelli (Pittsburgh: Court of Quarter Sessions of Allegheny County), Bill No. 81 Syndicated Gambling in New York State, Temporary Commission of Investigation of the State of New York (Albany, 1961), pp. Former Franklin Township police Sgt. Agents of the FBI conducted a series of raids in Easton in 1967 on a local gambling operation directly tied to the Cosa Nostra in New York. Funds are also provided to District Attorney administered Task Forces. First, legitimate establishments provide a source of legal income which racketeers can account for and spend freely. Stromberg was sentenced to a maximum five-year term. Insurance Fraud Sectioninvestigates and prosecutes insurance fraud and workers compensation violations pursuant to the Insurance Fraud Prevention Act (18 Pa. C.S. Two of the main Cosa Nostra families in Pennsylvania were consolidated in this manner. In some cases a particular operation may actually be run by a Cosa Nostra family in order to provide steady employment and a stable source of income to the family. All Special Agents in the Environmental Crimes Sectionhave extensive training in the handling of residual and hazardous waste and often assist the Bureau of Narcotics Investigations with methamphetamine laboratory search warrants. In 1970 veteran of the Reading game Frank LoScalzo was arrested in Lansdowne for participating in a large game raided by Lansdowne police. But as syndicates have grown and evolved they have come to employ more varied und sophisticated means. 140 U.S. vs. Caponigro (Philadelphia: U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania), Criminal No. 53, pp. There are two basic steps involved when criminal syndicates decide to invest in a legitimate enterprise. Within this section is the Capital Litigation Unit. 242 Henry S. Ruth, Jr. "Why Organized Crime Thrives," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. Despite the fact that legislation has been proposed or is pending in Pennsylvania, little movement toward passage currently exists. The attorneys of the Section also supervise money laundering investigations and litigate the resulting prosecutions when appropriate. [200] Edward Fina has over fifteen arrests, five of which are for violent crimes. us. During his federal trial, local police officers testified that they had received bribe offers from Stupak. 53, p. 18736. 69-288. According to the U.S. Bureau of Narcotics, Philadelphia was in 1965 considered as an intermediate distribution point and not a major source of supply: The narcotics traffic in Philadelphia has now more or less stabilized to individual addicts or one individual addict acting for a group making trips irregularly to New York, and obtaining either personal or group supplies of heroin[138]. In addition to the above cases, other major federal enforcement actions in Pennsylvania included the following: 1. In 1963, agents of the FBI were alerted to an interstate extortion-loan shark racket centered in Philadelphia and New Jersey. In 1967, two companies owned by Piccolo received contracts from the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard and the Naval Air Engineering Center for a total of over $900,000. Anthony Lima was born in 1905 at Johnstown, Pennsylvania, an industrial city east of Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania Reputed Gambling Ring Leader and Son Plead Guilty, to Pay $300K Fine. It must involve the State Legislature, which alone can provide the laws needed by state and local authorities. The hub of the enterprise was a small, ramshackle building adjoining Namey's Grill and Ice Cream Parlor in New Kensington. Cosa Nostra leaders Russell Bufalino, Angelo Sciandra, Giaocchino Parisi, and Joseph Scalleat of Pennsylvania and James Plumeri of New York have owned and continued to own dress companies that maintain a rigidly low wage scale.[159]. At sentence hearings the burden of testimony is that the convict is an asset to his community and. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania), Criminal No. races). In 1968, the Senate Select Committee on Small Business heard testimony from many experts in the field of law enforcement and from many loan shark victims. [232] Erie racketeer Leo Kaminski had his 1955 conviction for bribery and conspiracy commuted by Governor George Leader in 1955. Dominick Alaimo, Soldier Its actions are not impulsive but rather the result of intricate conspiracies, carried on over many years and aimed at gaining control over whole fields of activity in order to amass huge profits.[1]. Most of these cases would be directed to one of the lawyers in the Public Corruption Section. The source of the drug was traced to a French-Corsican associate of Stromberg's named Saul Gelb. 43 DeCavalcante transcripts, vol. They made the Boss John LaRocca step down. Pardoned in 1954 by Governor Fine for the crimes of illegal entry and bombing. 124 Organized Crime and Illicit Traffic in Narcotics, Pt. Second were the major wholesalers, and third the high-level distributors. Since these occurrences, the leadership of Local 107 has changed hands, and incidents of racketeering in the union have diminished. 79 Commonwealth vs. Mastrangelo (West Chester: Court of Quarter Sessions of Chester County), Bill No. In addition, the statute purports to bar any "penalty," "forfeiture," "liability" or "cause of action" arising from the transactions about which he testifies. They come to appreciate the political contacts of the syndicates, which can offer protection from law enforcement and regulatory agencies overseeing the operations of the business. Pardoned in 1938 by Governor Earle for the crime of robbery. Fearing deportation proceedings against him, Ida fled to Italy following the Apalachin meeting. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania), Criminal No. In 1951 the Kefauver Committee found that "Reading is a classic example of political strangulation af a police department at the behest, of gambling interests seeking to thwart any interference with their activities"[215] In 1957 the Pennsylvania Attorney General launched an investigation into vice and extortion in Reading, and reported that "One is led inescapably to the conclusion that, at best, the local law enforcement officials were less than diligent in the discharge of their duties. In addition to strong state leadership and reforms in law enforcement agencies, there are substantial needs for new tools and new legislation. In addition to the presence of La Cosa Nostra families in Pennsylvania the Crime Commission found that there are numerous local crime czars who operate semi-autonomously throughout the state, but pay some form of tribute to the Cosa Nostra. "[207] During the height of federal anti-racketeering enforcement in Philadelphia during the 1960's, the principal numbers banks were intensively investigated and periodically raided. Monopolies. 127 U.S. vs. Riccobene, et al. The seizure of property is made by law enforcement agencies with statewide jurisdiction such as the Bureau of Narcotics Investigation and Drug Control, the Pennsylvania State Police, and the Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole. In 1961 Minker was convicted of evading over $130,000 in federal wagering excise taxes on a gross volume of $1.25 million. In the estimation of the Crime Commission, the most harmful effect of the crime syndicates is what they do to government. 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