Educated in the military tradition of the house of Savoy and in the devout atmosphere of the Piedmontese court, he retained throughout life the bluff manners of the soldier and a sincere if superficial religious faith, coupled with serious shortcomings in his private life. He even stopped the French. Victor Emmanuel supported the Expedition of the Thousand (18601861) led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, which resulted in the rapid fall of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in southern Italy. In a deal . What are the units used for the ideal gas law? [1] This allowed Victor Emmanuel to ally himself with Napoleon III, Emperor of France. secret organisations. They often marched singing Garibaldis hymn. Encyclopedia.com. p. pirri, ed., Pio IX e Vittorio Emanuele dal loro carteggio privato, 5 v. (Rome 194461). Louis-Philippe had promised revolutionaries such as Ciro Menotti that he would intervene if Austria tried to interfere in Italy with troops. The base of the boot symbolizes the Kingdom of the Two Sicilians, which lay in the southernmost part of the Italian peninsula. Parliament rejected the armistice, and the new king dissolved it (29 March 1849) and called new elections only to see the voters reaffirm democratic control. Mazzini was one of these Triumvirs. We have discussed the revolts that shocked the European countries in the 1850s. Students also viewed. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. What does the quote by Father Cobo tell you about Topa Inca? Borrowing from the old Latin title Pater Patriae of the Roman emperors, the Italians gave him the epithet of Father of the Fatherland (Italian: Padre della Patria). Italy supported Prussia. His burial place is Pantheon, Rome. Italian troops are able to invade Rome and completed Italy's unification under KING VICTOR EMMANUEL II. In the image, Giuseppe Garibaldi is depicted as fitting the "boot of Italy" onto the leg of King Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont-Sardinia. He led the war against Austria, this time in alliance with Prussia (1866), and acquired Venezia. The discovery and execution at Belfiore (185253) of the leaders of a conspiracy in Mantua, as well as abortive insurrections in Cadore and Lunigiana, discredited the democratic movement and discouraged its most dedicated adherents. In October 1850 another prominent moderate, Camillo Benso di Cavour, entered the cabinet and directed a laissez-faire economic policy. Whereas Mazzini might have had the fervor, the next man with the real political power and acumen to unify Italy was Camillo Benso di Cavour, prime minister of the most powerful independent Italian state in the early 19th century: Sardinia. (c) a strong love for one's own country and hatred for others. Cavour. Victor Emmanuel's ability to stand up to the Austrians and to undercut the democrats without using force or violating the constitution won him the epithet "the gentleman king." Victor Emmanuel (born 14 March 1820) took the throne of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia at age twenty-eight. What evidence tells you that Pachacuti was a popular ruler?2. He has served as the first King of united Italy until death. New Catholic Encyclopedia. The Kingdom of Italy was founded on this day in 1861 after Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was declared King. ." Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. In 1866, the Third Italian War of Independence allowed Italy to annex Veneto. The acquisition of Rome in 1870 was the final phase of the unification movement or Risorgimento. Cavour was clear that Italy required international support. However, the date of retrieval is often important. The only two lands left to be conquered in order for unification to be complete were Venetia still under Austria's rule and Rome under the Pope and secured by France. hostilities, the King visited London and Paris, where he won much favor if not concrete goals. He worked to free Italy from foreign control and became a central figure of the movement for Italian unification. Pius IX, now under the influence of the reactionary Giacomo Cardinal Antonelli, refused to grant any reforms in Rome. Garibaldis leadership gave strength to the young volunteers. In March 1861 Emmanuel II proclaimed the Italian nation with himself as king and Camillo Cavour as prime minister. 32 terms. After new elections, the peace with Austria was accepted by the new Chamber of Deputies. 2. The new Kingdom was a constitutional one. At first much opposed to Cavour's ecclesiastical laws, the King signed them when convinced that they constituted an essential part of Cavour's economic and political reforms. Italian Unification - Overview Before beginning to judge biases and prejudices in various articles in encyclopedias coming from different decades and nations, it is important to have a standard of judgment, drawn not from a primary source but a secondary source. This was an exception to the general course of reaction. It was a difficult battle to win. How did the Bantu influence the way people lived in southern Africa? https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/victor-emmanuel-ii, NOETHER, E. P. "Victor Emmanuel II Vittorio Emanuele (6 July 1852 6 July 1852). . Liberal Catholicism could not remain viable without reforms in the Papal States. dThe pope was the main religious authority.Question 4 (4 points)What was one change made by the Council of Trent? (d) equally strong devotion for all the . When the French defeated Austrians, taking advantage of condition Garibaldi went for an extraordinary expedition on his account against the King of Naples and Sicily. He had also formed a secret society called Young Italy for the dissemination of his goals. - 1 1871 .) Victor Emmanuel II was the blazing principle of Sardinia who moved toward becoming lord of bound together Italy and proclaimed Rome its capital. c. How might life in East Africa have been different if the people there had not accepted the presence of Muslim traders? World Encyclopedia. How do I determine the molecular shape of a molecule? (February 22, 2023). The British Foreign Secretary, Lord Clarendon, visited Florence in December 1867 and reported to London after talking to various Italian politicians: "There is universal agreement that Victor Emmanuel is an imbecile; he is a dishonest man who tells lies to everyone; at this rate he will end up losing his crown and ruining both Italy and his dynasty. Le lettere di Vittorio Emanuele II, raccolte da Francesco Cognasso. The bravest and best of the youth of Rome gave their lives in defense of the Republic. CRISPI, FRANCESCO A. 1940 Italy joins Nazis in World War II . To gain French support against Austria he agreed to the marriage of his daughter Clothilde with the dissolute Prince Napoleon, cousin of Emperor Napoleon III, and promised to cede Nice and his ancestral province of Savoy to France. Also he was a key conduit and figure head for the communication and pacts that Cavour was concocting with Napoleon III - King to Emperor communication. The Franco-Austrian War of 1859 was the agent that began the physical process of Italian unification. During his reign of nearly 46 years, which began after the assassination of his father Umberto I, the Kingdom of . But we will conquer the die. This caused conflict with Pius IX. Italian nationalists established Carbonari i.e. At odds over religious policy, the king and his prime minister Count Cavour (Camillo Benso, 18101861) found common ground on foreign affairs, agreeing to join France and England against Russia in the Crimean War (4 March 1855). The Italians gave him the epithet Father of the Fatherland (Italian: Padre della Patria). Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. He was the king of Prussia who became the kaiser of a united Germany. Omissions? B James Madison 1967). The seizure of the States of the Church, completed in 1870, resulted in the King's excommunication. 1870 Unification completed; Rome becomes capital. Garibaldi. He concluded these careful preparations for war by conferring on the great soldier Giuseppe Garibaldi command of a newly recruited and eager volunteer corps called the Cacciatori delle Alpi (Hunters of the Alps). (i) He strongly believed that only through diplomacy and policy of war (similar to Bismarck's policy of 'blood and iron') could Italian unification be achieved. The new Kingdom of Italy, which soon included Venice and Rome, was a parliamentary monarchy under Victor Emmanuel II. Cavour, the Prime Minister of Victor Emmanuel, King of Piedmont. During the 1850s these two able men worked on internal reforms, modernizing especially the financial structure of the kingdom and circumscribing ecclesiastical privileges in favor of civil power. The Austrians were defeated by the French and Piedmontese at Magenta and Solferino, and thus relinquished Lombardy. 4. around the world. "Victor Emmanuel II After coming into power Napoleon unified smaller states of Italy. This was the famous Garibaldis expedition in which his soldiers won the war. This led to his excommunication from the Catholic Church until 1878, just before his death in the same year. New Catholic Encyclopedia. Encyclopedia of World Biography. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Another series of plebiscites in the occupied lands resulted in the proclamation of Victor Emmanuel as the first King of Italy by the new Parliament of unified Italy, on 17 March 1861. Soon there emerged an extraordinary young man who came to be known as the leader of the movement for freedom. A readable and thorough account of Victor Emmanuel's role in the unification of Italy is contained in Bolton King, A History of Italian Unity (2 vols., 1899; new ed. When Victor Emmanuel II tried to unify Italy, he received support from Giuseppe Garibaldi in 1854. George Meredith, the English poet, and novelist wrote many years afterward: Who blew the breath of life into her frame: Cavour, Mazzini, Garibaldi: three: Her Brain, her Soul, her Sword; and set her free from ruinous discords, with one lustrous aim. The King decided to participate in the conquest of Naples and marched south through the Romagna. "Victor Emmanuel II Victor Emmanuel, however, was convinced of the rewards to be gained from the alliance created with Britain and, more importantly, France. So an Italian Parliament met at Turin immediately after Victor Emmanuel became king. Due to the contribution of troops sent by Cavour Britain and France won. . Time and diplomacy won for the King what continued fighting without the aid of France might have lost irrevocably. II. The fame of Garibaldi Spread. He introduced many reforms in the areas under his control. It was always a controversial matter for reasons such as the ostentatious use of marble and excessive rhetoric. . He was conceived in 1820 and kicked the bucket in 1878. As this involved the suppression and removal of many of the petty princes, he took advantage of Mazzini's and Garibaldi's activities. He worked to free Italy from foreign control and became a central figure of the movement for Italian unification. Benito Mussolini ruled as dictator of Italy from 1922 to 1943. Before death the King was reconciled with the Church and assured his chaplain that he "intended to die a good Catholic." Napoleon III, needing the support of the clergy, did not wish to abandon the Pope, although he had been Victor Emmanuel's ally in the expulsion of Austria from northern Italy. How do you calculate the ideal gas law constant? C. believed Garibaldi to have had a significant role in bringing about the unification of Italy. The Victor Emmanuel II Monument: an incredibly large construction. So, they wanted to unify the Italian states. The Pope, who had lost the last vestiges of his temporal power although the Vatican and his freedom were guaranteed to him, refused to recognize the new kingdom, and Victor Emmanuel died on Jan. 9, 1878, unreconciled to the Church. In 1842 he married Adelaide, the daughter of Archduke Rainer of Austria. Garibaldi also handed Sicily and Napoli to Victor Emmanuel in Teano. King Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed King of a united Italy on February 18, 1861. London, 1971. Encyclopedia.com. . Italian states were having the common bond of unity on the ground of culture, language and ethnicity. In the lack of mass support and international support, Carbonari did not get the required popularity among the people. Victor Emmanuel II played a leading role in this process. Napoleon III met with Cavour (July 2021) and agreed to support Piedmont's effort to expel Austria from northern Italy. World Encyclopedia. Two years later Cavour was named prime minister. In these circumstances, the Crimean war of 1854 broke out. Now Cavour intrigued with France. He, however, died on June 6, 1861, before the completion of the unification of Italy in 1870. Napoleon established republican system in these political entities and started number of reforms in accordance with the ideals of the Revolution of 1789. . (iii) Finally in 1871, Rome was liberated . bibliography His education was not thorough or varied, its content being restricted largely to military and religious training. Only Piedmont was in a position to disrupt it at that time, and Cavour negotiated an alliance with the Western powers. Eventually, the United Kingdom of Italy was ceded to King Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont-Sardinia in 1861. Victor Emmanuel II (1820-1878) was king of Sardinia from 1849 to 1861 and then the first king of Italy until 1878. With the king's support and against the wishes of Cavour (who returned to power 21 January 1860), Garibaldi organized an army of volunteers and prepared to invade Sicily. b. ." (February 22, 2023). HELP ME ASAP PLEASE Its people greeted him with cheers, joyfully agreeing to the annexation of their entire province to his kingdom. In March 1854 France and England intervened in support of the Ottoman Empire against Russia in the Crimean War. Giuseppe Garibaldi has been one of the most celebrated of all Italian freedom fighters. The 19th century was the time of romantic opera, first initiated by the works of Gioacchino Rossini. Menelik II To prevent the reinstatement of the petty princes of Central Italy, Victor Emmanuel maintained contact with the revolutionaries. Match each leader with the role he played in uniting Italy. Rome was still under French troops. D. He was the fiery ruler of Sardinia who became king of united Italy and declared Rome its capital. A collection of the king's letters. 1967). In 1861 Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of a new Italy that was far from complete. Indian National Congress: Moderates (1885-1905), Indias Council Act 1892: Demand v/s Provisions. King Victor Emmanuel II - served as the first leader of Italy following unification. (a) strong devotion for one's own country and its history and culture. At the decisive battles of Magenta and Solferino, he commanded the Piedmontese corps in person, and following the armistice of Villafranca, he exercised a valuable restraint on Cavour, who wanted to continue the war alone. Later that same year, Victor Emmanuel II sent his forces to fight the papal army at Castelfidardo and drove the Pope into Vatican City. Victor Emmanuel II soon became the symbol of the "Risorgimento", the Italian unification movement of the 1850s and early 60s. On 17 March 1861 the Kingdom of Italy was officially established and Victor Emmanuel II became its king. Venetia was added to the new kingdom in 1866 through an alliance with Prussia against Austria, but complete unification of the peninsula could not be achieved as long as Rome remained in the hands of the Pope. On April 12, 1842, 22-year-old Victor Emmanuel II of Italy married his 19-year-old first cousin Adelaide of Austria. Updates? In November 1852 he made the momentous decision to turn the government over to the able, determined Count Cavour, whose skillful manoeuvres over the next few years made him king of Italy. While the key leaders to the Unification of Italy were: Cavour, Garibaldi and Mazzini, Victor Emanuel played the role of an enabler as the King of the Kingdom of Savoy and a center point for agitators to unify around. 22 Feb. 2023 . The War ended in a victory to Prussia, which asked Austria to give up her control over Venetia. . The Unification of Italy (1 1848 . 1919 Rise of Fascism. Encyclopedia.com. Corrections? You fought for an Italy free of kings. . The new Royal residence was the Quirinal Palace. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. Ajout au bande de temps: The role of Piedmont Victor Emmanuel II In Piedmont Victor Emmanuel II governed with a parliament whose democratic majority refused to ratify the peace treaty with Austria. The treaty, however, was not ratified by the Piedmontese lower parliamentary house, the Chamber of Deputies, and Victor Emmanuel retaliated by firing his Prime Minister, Claudio Gabriele de Launay, replacing him with Massimo D'Azeglio. ." She had issue. V. Creation of the Italian Kingdom. His public life began when his father, Charles Albert, defeated by the Austrians at Novara, abdicated in his favor (March 23, 1849). Meanwhile, Mazzinis democratic and republican movement was crumbling. To his great credit, Victor Emmanuel rejected this offer, suffering as a result the loss of substantial territory and a considerable reduction in the size of his army. In May he sent to Crimea an army that performed brilliantly. Victor Emmanuel was immediately able to obtain a rather favorable armistice at Vignale by the Austrian imperial army commander, Radetzky. Cavour managed to unite most of Italy under the headship of Victor Emmanuel II of the house of Savoy, and on 17 March 1861, the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed with Victor Emmanuel II as king. But the victorious powers divided these states in accordance to their will. Cavours dynamism alarmed conservatives and even dAzeglio. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Victor Emmanuel II. https://www.facebook.com/glimpsesofhistory/, Follow Priyanshi Maam on instagram: 1. a. His sense of responsibility and duty and his personal bravery helped him to overcome the many crises of his reign and to gain popularity among his people. My opinion is while history will see him as a King that plaid in the unification, I see him as a selfish Monarch that will do whatever it take to expand his domain. mia_gagliardi14. Mazzini took advantage of the circumstances. His association with cavour began in 1852. "[3] In 1870, after two failed attempts by Garibaldi, he also took advantage of the Prussian victory over France in the Franco-Prussian War to capture Rome after the French withdrew. When the Austrian army was defeated and the northern states were conquered, the process of unification of Italy gained momentum. The second victory of Emmanuel overcame the popes of France and liberated the southern area and completed the unification of Italy, and the Emperor of unified Italy was proclaimed. b. He was the first king of United Italy and the last king or Piedmont-Sardinia. However, it experienced limited democracy and prosperity, and its divisions remained. ." 1861 Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy proclaimed King of Italy. Victor Emmanuel hoped to reconcile Church-State relations, but the Law of guarantees proved unacceptable to the Pope. The Unity Game - Italian Unification No teams 1 team 2 teams 3 teams 4 teams 5 teams 6 teams 7 teams 8 teams 9 teams 10 teams Custom Press F11 Select menu option View > Enter Fullscreen for full-screen mode Which theory do you agree with about the purpose of the ruins at Great Zimbabwe? As a constitutional monarch he sought to provide leadership in the very difficult early period of Italian nationhood. ." How does Charle's law relate to breathing? He entered Rome on 20 September 1870 and set up the new capital there on 2 July 1871. Garibaldi's "Thousand" conquer Sicily and Naples. A readable and thorough account of Victor Emmanuel's role in the unification of Italy is contained in Bolton King, A History of Italian Unity (2 vols., 1899; new ed. Venetia Freed as a Result of Austro-Prussian War: In the Austro-Prussian War 1866. His actions helped reduce the opposition of republicans to monarchy and of the South to unification under the North. In 1870, the king annexed Rome. 1. The Italo-French campaign against Austria in 1859 started successfully. In the next coming post, we will discuss German Unification. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. (4 points) aIt changed its ideas on baptizing adults. He was born on 14th March 1820 and died on 18 January 1878. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Q 4 - 'Nationalism', which emerged as a force in the late 19th century, means. In these circumstances, the Crimean war of 1854 broke out. Victor Emmanuel II esteemed Pius IX highly, and carried on a considerable correspondence with him, unknown to his ministers, in the hope of gaining the Pope's consent to the incorporation of the states of the church into the new Italy, with the pope as governor of the central portion. This cartoon signifies the unification of Italy and Garibaldi's role in it. On Sept. 20, 1870, the Italian army marched into the city, and on July 2, 1871, Victor Emmanuel himself entered Rome, from that time the capital of the kingdom of Italy. With her, he had eight children:[5]. Three of the key figures in the unification of Italy were Mazzini, Garibaldi and Cavour, who although all having different aims, ultimately contributed to the unification of Italy. He was one of the most important people among Italian Freedom fighters. It was in Rome that Victor Emmanuel II died on January 9, 1878 and was buried in the Pantheon. Victor Emmanuel III was the King of Italy from 29 July 1900 until his abdication on 9 May 1946. . In this early crisis, he insisted on the royal prerogative to make war and peace and used his power to dissolve. Garibaldi conquered the Kingdom of Two Sicilies (1860) with his "thousand" volunteers. ." Following Cavours death in 1861, Victor Emmanuel played a more direct role in government and despite setbacks achieved two notable triumphs: the acquisition of Venetia through war on the side of Bismarcks Prussia in 1866, and of Rome after the withdrawal of the French garrison in 1870. What hardships did African slaves endure on the Middle Passage? Encyclopedia of Modern Europe: Europe 1789-1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire. The occupation of Rome as the national capital so antagonized Pius IX that he refused all overtures toward reconciliation, and no meeting ever took place between the two sovereigns; nevertheless, on Victor Emmanuels death in 1878 Pius permitted his burial in the Pantheon. Explanation: While the key leaders to the Unification of Italy were: Cavour, Garibaldi and Mazzini, Victor Emanuel played the role of an enabler as the King of the Kingdom of Savoy and a center point for agitators to unify around. The victorious Liberals installed a new cabinet under Massimo dAzeglio, a moderate trusted by the king. As he marched through the villages of South Italy, Garibaldi appealed for volunteers: Come! He held the Austrians and defeated the Neapolitan armies. Victor Emmanuel was born the eldest son of . how that he was a great leader?3. d. mass, Il caso di coscienza del risorgimento italiano dalle origini alla Conciliazione (Rome 1961). He was proclaimed King of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861, before completing the unification of the country by annexing Rome, which was at the time the capital of the Papal States . :), Attlees Announcement and Mountbatten Plan. D. believed that Count Cavour was most . In the luckless campaign that followed he proved a brave soldier but an indifferent general. From this platform Cavour, achieving a diplomatic coup for Piedmont and Italy, declared that the only threat to peace in Italy, and the root cause of subversive plots, was the burdensome Austrian overlordship. Vittorio Emanuele II (14 March 1820 - 9 January 1878) was the King of Piedmont, Savoy, and Sardinia from 1849 to 1861. Indian National Congress: Extremists (1905-1919), The First Phase of Revolutionary Nationalism, Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA), INC Lucknow Session: Lucknow Pact of 1916, Gandhian Era: New Phase of Freedom Struggle, Freedom Struggle: Non-Cooperation Movement, Economic Depression & Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931, Striving for Independence: August Offer, 1940. B. Garibaldis early success whipped up the spirit of nationalism of the Italians. The aftermath of the unification of Italy. The forces met at Teano (26 October), and Garibaldi ceded Sicily and Naples to Victor Emmanuel. Mazzini made two proposals: In 1848, revolts were breaking out all over North Italy. Bibliography: c. s. forester, Victor Emmanuel II and the Union of Italy (New York 1927). Cite the date their invention(s Victor Emmanuel II was accepted, as the ruler of Italy and Sardinia became the state of . Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Following Victor Emmanuel's advice, Cavour joined Britain and France in the Crimean War against Russia. He was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat but he led the movement to unify the Italian regions. . . Mazzini. So, now we will discuss the unification of Italian states and the role of Mazzini, Garibaldi, and Cavour in this. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/victor-emmanuel-ii. With a goal of ousting the Austrians from northern Italy, Victor Emmanuel made contact with revolutionary groups throughout the country. "Victor Emmanuel II But even in the hour of defeat fortune smiled upon him. In Naples and the duchies, reaction became pervasive, although the grand duke of Tuscany sought to make his subjects forget that he owed his throne to Austrian military intervention. France had supported Sardinia in the Second Italian War of Independence, resulting in liberating Lombardy from Austrian rule. His father succeeded a distant cousin as King of Sardinia-Piedmont in 1831. He lived for some years of his youth in Florence and showed an early interest in politics, the military, and sports. Explanation: Piedmont received Lombardy from Austria. The continuous dialogue between past and present. Mazzini and Garibaldi carried on their work in different ways. Carlo Alberto (2 June 1851 28 June 1854). Answer: Italy's unification process was the work of Giuseppe Garibaldi, Count Cavour, and Victory Emmanuel II, the 3 primary leaders. His success at these goals led him to be excommunicated from the Catholic Church until 1878, when it was lifted just before his death. So, Cavour took advantage of Garibaldis successes. In 1870, the Pontifical State was also occupied, and Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy, thus realizing the idea of Risorgimento. His political philosophy, which he called fascism, was based on the, Menelik II "Victor Emmanuel II In 1934, at Piedmont, he participated in the Republican Uprising. In March 1861 the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed under the constitutional monarchy of Victor Emmanuel II. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. King of Sardinia in the Piedmont region of northern Italy-proclaimed king of italy. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. . Directly connect with us: He who stays at home is a coward. Why did Christianity serve as a unifying factor for the peopl A Thomas Jefferson Acquiring the services of this political genius was one of the most important acts of the King's career. ThoughMazzini, Garibaldi, and Cavour perhaps of any one of these had not been there. This turned out to be a wise choice, since Cavour was a political mastermind and a major player in the Italian unification in his own right. The Austrians offered to refrain from occupying Piedmont and to give Victor Emmanuel more territory if he would renounce the constitution granted the Piedmontese a year earlier by his father. Aided by his famous Prime Minister, Camillo Benso Conte di Cavour (1810 - 1861), the king was able to maintain the right distance between the various Risorgimento proposals: in the end, the monarchist route to unification prevailed, linked to the Savoy dynasty, the King of Sardinia and . Eventually became first king of a united Italy. Which statement about Victor Emmanuel II is correct? Indian National Congress: Safety Valve Theory! King Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed King of Italy and thus Garibaldi had achieved his practical goal, saluting his new monarch as 'the first King of Italy'. Victor Emanuel II lived from 1820-1878. Name a FEMALE Native American inventor Victor Emmanuel supported Giuseppe Garibaldi's Expedition of the Thousand (18601861), which resulted in the rapid fall of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in southern Italy. Victor Emmanuel II was crowned King of Italy on March 17, 1861, although he had no power over Venetia or the significantly diminished Papal States. 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