He was named after his great-grandfather Benedict Arnold who was once governor of the colony of Connecticut. [99][100] Upon receiving Jameson's message, however, he learned that Jameson had sent Washington the papers which Andr was carrying. The first major biography of his life was The Life and Treason of Benedict Arnold, published in 1832 by historian Jared Sparks; it was particularly harsh in showing how Arnold's treacherous character was formed out of childhood experiences. The fort was finally captured by the British in 1759. Before his betrayal Benedict Arnold was a legitimate hero and a competent officer. [128][d], Benedict Arnold's name became synonymous with "traitor" soon after his betrayal became public, and biblical themes were often invoked. Benedict Arnold was named brigadier general by the British government and sent on raids to . Donald Trump has taken over from Benedict Arnold as "America's number one traitor," according to a group of veterans seeking to vote the president out of office this November. He marched with 700 men by way of the Maine wilderness, a remarkable feat of woodsmanship and endurance, and, reinforced by Gen. Richard Montgomery, attacked the well-fortified city. Arnold died in London at the age of 60. He helped organize militia forces on British-held islands, receiving praise from the landowners for his efforts on their behalf. Omissions? He would be an apprentice in the mercantile trade for seven years. His chaplain Rev. [81], Early in April, Philip Schuyler had approached Arnold with the possibility of giving him the command at West Point. Benedict Arnold was unhappy with his position in the Continental Army by the time he betrayed the cause of the American Revolution to the British. The French had besieged Fort William Henry in northeastern New York, and their Indian allies had committed atrocities after their victory. Things Trump will never be. Despite his popularity and battlefield prowess, Benedict Arnold eventually broke bad. [47] Burgoyne surrendered ten days after the second battle on October 17, 1777. Meanwhile, in April 1779, Arnold married Margaret (Peggy) Shippen, a young woman of loyalist sympathies. It is what happened after 1775 that began to wear him down and bring on his disillusionment. See the fact file below for more information on . Benedict Arnold High School Gallery Official Name Benedict Arnold High School Location Details Universe Earth-Twelve Country United States of America First Appearance Adventures of Bob Hope #95 ( November, 1965) Contents 1 History 2 Residents 2.1 Students and Alumni 2.2 Faculty 3 Notes 4 See Also History This article is a stub. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Mo talks with author Nathaniel Philbrick about the now . Arnold reopened the secret channels with the British, informing them of Schuyler's proposals and including Schuyler's assessment of conditions at West Point. He joined the growing American army outside of Boston, and distinguished himself by acts that demonstrated intelligence and bravery: In 1775, he captured Fort Ticonderoga. [26], On February 22, 1767, Arnold married Margaret Mansfield, daughter of Samuel Mansfield, the sheriff of New Haven and a fellow member in the local Masonic Lodge. Why did Benedict Arnold betray the Continental Army to the British? Benedict Arnold [121], In July 1792, Arnold fought a bloodless duel with the Earl of Lauderdale after the Earl impugned his honor in the House of Lords. Discussions had not borne fruit between Schuyler and Washington by early June. The fourth niche is pointedly empty. Peggy came from a loyalist family in Philadelphia; she had many ties to the British. Benedict Arnold was born to a prominent businessman in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. Stansbury's testimony before a British commission erroneously placed his meeting with Arnold in June. As a young man, Arnold. Arnold eventually moved to England where he became a merchant. Among others, he shared the name with his father and. Arnold was let off with just a slap on the wrist, but again his pride had been wounded. [27] Their son Benedict was born the following year[28] and was followed by brothers Richard in 1769 and Henry in 1772. Arnold and Wemyss faced similar situations but created different legaciesWemyss "served with distinction during the war" but became a footnote in history; Arnold lost the respect of people on all sides of the Revolution and his name became synonymously linked to treason. The arched, double-door main entrance provided a stately, picturesque quality to the home. Jul 4, 2020, 05:04 AM EDT | Updated Jul 4, 2020. She was the conduit for information to the British. However, his actions at Saint-Jean and Valcour Island played a notable role in delaying the British advance against Ticonderoga until 1777. Arnold was born in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. [105] He also wrote in the letter to Washington requesting safe passage for Peggy: "Love to my country actuates my present conduct, however it may appear inconsistent to the world, who very seldom judge right of any man's actions. In the House of Commons, Edmund Burke expressed the hope that the government would not put Arnold "at the head of a part of a British army" lest "the sentiments of true honour, which every British officer [holds] dearer than life, should be afflicted". He arrived before Quebec City in November, after a difficult passage in which 300 men turned back and another 200 died en route. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut and named after his His mother was Hannah Waterman King, a rich widow. This long after he lived, it would probably be impossible to know whether Benedict Arnold liked or disliked any particular food. At the age of sixteen, Arnold enlisted in a militia and served in the French and Indian War in upstate New York . Arnold wrote out passes for Andr so that he would be able to pass through the lines, and he also gave him plans for West Point. Before his name became synonymous with treason, Benedict Arnold was a bonafide hero of the American Revolutionary War. [6] With the outbreak of the French Revolution, Arnold outfitted a privateer, while continuing to do business in the West Indies, even though the hostilities increased the risk. He then took the letter back to Connecticut, suspicious of Arnold's actions, where he delivered it to the head of the Connecticut militia. One plaque bears only a rank and a date but no name: "major general born 1740". He knew that he was distrusted and disliked by senior military officers on both sides. At first, he asked for indemnification of his losses and 10,000,[b] an amount that the Continental Congress had given Charles Lee for his services in the Continental Army. Benedict Arnold, (born January 14, 1741, Norwich, Connecticut [U.S.]died June 14, 1801, London, England), patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. His fellow conspirator, Major Andre, was hanged by the Continental army for being a spy. British reinforcements arrived in late March led by William Phillips who served under Burgoyne at Saratoga. Before anyone spouts off about me being a 'libtard' I am a conservative. Bettmann / Corbis "You have five. [103] Legend has it that, when he was on his deathbed, he said, "Let me die in this old uniform in which I fought my battles. Arnold escaped; Andr was hanged. Unlike his accomplishments in the battlefield, Arnold was not a good Governor. A figure climbed down from the larger sloop, into the boat and quietly made his way up the Hudson River. In exchange for cash and a commission in the British army, Major General Arnold promised to betray his cause and hand over the American fort at West Point. Arnold had the power to act, to defy the stresses of business and the dangers of the battlefield; but Peggy had the power to endure. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Colony of Connecticut, British America. He was on his way home from Ticonderoga when he learned that his wife had died earlier in June. [13] A commonly accepted story that he deserted from militia service in 1758[14] is based on uncertain documentary evidence.[15]. One colonel wrote to Clinton concerning Arnold: "There are many officers who must wish some other general in command. It described a boy who stole eggs from birds' nests, pulled wings off insects, and engaged in other sorts of wanton cruelty, who then grew up to become a traitor to his country. July 27] 1742 - June 19, 1786) was an American military officer and planter who served in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War.He emerged from the war with a reputation as one of George Washington's most talented and dependable officers, and is known for his successful command in the Southern theater of the conflict. Benedict Arnold began the Revolutionary War as a militia captain. He led the British army in battle against the soldiers whom he had once commanded, after which his name became, and has remained, synonymous with treason and betrayal in the United States.[2]. He was enrolled in a private school in nearby Canterbury, Connecticut, when he was 10, with the expectation that he would eventually attend Yale College. [67], Early in May 1779, Arnold met with Philadelphia merchant Joseph Stansbury[c] who then "went secretly to New York with a tender of [Arnold's] services to Sir Henry Clinton". He then went to Cambridge, Massachusetts, and suggested to George Washington a second expedition to attack Quebec City via a wilderness route through Maine. Besides, I would argue that even if the British d. Benedict Arnold was a patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. Benedict Arnold is an epithet for traitor in the United States; calling a person a Benedict Arnold implies that they are a traitor. In the later part of the conflict, Arnold was commissioned as a brigadier general in the British Army, and placed in command of the American Legion. Though Trump has checked off the betray the USA box quite well. While Benedict Arnold escaped to British-occupied New York, where he was protected from punishment. Far fewer know . [50] There he participated in the first recorded Oath of Allegiance, along with many other soldiers, as a sign of loyalty to the United States.[51]. On November 10, 1778, General Nathanael Greene wrote to General John Cadwalader, "I am told General Arnold is become very unpopular among you oweing to his associateing too much with the Tories. She was a close friend of British major John Andr and kept in contact with him when he became head of the British espionage system in New York. What happened to Benedict Arnold after he betrayed the Continental Army to the British? [48] However, he interpreted the manner in which they did so as an act of sympathy for his wounds, and not an apology or recognition that they were righting a wrong. Arnold remained there until July 1781 and then returned to New York. [b][6] He led British forces in the Raid of Richmond and nearby areas, and they burned much of New London, Connecticut, to the ground and slaughtered surrendering forces after the Battle of Groton Heightsjust a few miles downriver from the town where he had grown up. In the winter of 1782, he and Peggy moved to London, England. One month after taking command, Arnold slipped the plans to British Major John Andr in exchange for 20,000 pounds of sterling, the equivalent of more than $4 million today. Therefore, the answer to your question is no, we do not commemorate Benedict Arnold. Unable to obtain a regular commission in the British army, he later pursued various business ventures, including land speculation in Canada. After formal inquiries, he was usually acquitted, but Congress investigated his finances and determined that he was indebted to Congress, and that he had borrowed money heavily to maintain a lavish lifestyle. [98], Arnold learned of Andr's capture the morning of September 24 while waiting for Washington, with whom he was going to have breakfast at his headquarters in British Col. Beverley Robinson's former summer house on the east bank of the Hudson. Updates? Background. [146] There are also historical markers bearing his name at Wyman Lake Rest Area on US-201 north of Moscow, Maine, on the western bank of Lake Champlain, New York, and two in Skowhegan, Maine.[147]. On August 15, he received a coded letter from Andr with Clinton's final offer: 20,000[b] and no indemnification for his losses. Benjamin Franklin wrote that "Judas sold only one man, Arnold three millions", and Alexander Scammell described his actions as "black as hell". As early as 1778, there were signs that Arnold was unhappy with his situation and pessimistic about the country's future. On May 9, Franklin introduced Stansbury to Major Andr, who had just been named the British spy chief. He was a general that preferred to lead in the front then the back, always riding his horse into battle alongside his men. While there, he disentangled himself from a lawsuit over an unpaid debt that Peggy had been fighting while he was away, paying 900[b] to settle a 12,000[b] loan that he had taken while living in Philadelphia. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He sent an Indian messenger into the camp of British Brigadier General Barry St. Leger with news that the approaching force was much larger and closer than it actually was; this convinced St. Leger's Indian allies to abandon him, forcing him to give up the effort. He had established a decent relationship with George Washington, as well as Philip Schuyler and Horatio Gates, both of whom had command of the army's Northern Department during 1775 and 1776. [76] Several members on the panel of judges were ill-disposed toward Arnold over actions and disputes earlier in the war, yet Arnold was cleared of all but two minor charges on January 26, 1780. [22], The Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765 severely curtailed mercantile trade in the colonies. [62], Arnold had been badly wounded twice in battle and had lost his business in Connecticut, which made him profoundly bitter. [55], Arnold lived extravagantly in Philadelphia and was a prominent figure on the social scene. His father was a successful businessman and young Benedict had a comfortable childhood. [119] The most serious of these was a slander suit which he won against a former business partner; and following this, townspeople burned him in effigy in front of his house, as Peggy and the children watched. Troops were liberally distributed within Arnold's command area (but only minimally at West Point itself) or furnished to Washington on request. A Connecticut militia force arrived at Ticonderoga in June; Arnold had a dispute with its commander over control of the fort, and resigned his Massachusetts commission. [118] The family moved to Saint John in 1787, where Arnold created an uproar with a series of bad business deals and petty lawsuits. When his British contact, Maj. John Andr, was captured by the Americans, Arnold escaped on a British ship, leaving Andr to be hanged as a spy. S T I L L W A T E R, N.Y., June 14, 2001 -- Benedict Arnold, America's most infamous. [1] [7] Arnold was the fourth surviving member of his family named after his great-grandfather Benedict Arnold I, an early governor of the Colony of Rhode Island; his grandfather (Benedict Arnold II) and father, as well as an older brother who died in infancy, were also named for the colonial governor. My family have voted conservative in most elections. [139] However, not all depictions of Arnold were so negative. Their friendship became the foundation for the treason for which Peggy's. But despite all the financial and political reasons he had for his betrayal, it's possible it was actually about love. [31], Arnold was in the West Indies when the Boston Massacre took place on March 5, 1770. Arnold's childhood was marred by tragedy; by age 20, he was an orphan struggling to make his way in the world as an apothecary. Benedict Arnold betrayed the Continental Army to the British when he made secret overtures to British headquarters in May 1779 and, a year later, informed the British of a proposed American invasion of Canada. [11], In 1755, Arnold was attracted by the sound of a drummer and attempted to enlist in the provincial militia for service in the French and Indian War, but his mother refused permission. He led a force of more than 1,700 men which burned most of New London to the ground on September 4, causing damage estimated at $500,000. [63][64], Arnold had an extremely ambitious and jealous personality. [8] His siblings were, in order of birth: Benedict (17381739), Hannah (17421803), Mary (17451753), Absolom (17471750), and Elizabeth (17491755). "[144] The victory monument at Saratoga has four niches, three of which are occupied by statues of Generals Gates, Schuyler, and Morgan. [113] Other attempts all failed to gain positions within the government or the British East India Company over the next few years, and he was forced to subsist on the reduced pay of non-wartime service. After trying and failing to hand the fort at West Point over to the British, he joined the Royal Army and took . His father was arrested on several occasions for public drunkenness, was refused communion by his church, and died in 1761. One critic said that he was a "mean mercenary, who, having adopted a cause for the sake of plunder, quits it when convicted of that charge". [112], In London, Arnold aligned himself with the Tories, advising Germain and King George III to renew the fight against the Americans. Arnold and his men went towards Boston. [69] This was the beginning of a secret correspondence between Arnold and Andr, sometimes using his wife Peggy as a willing intermediary, which culminated more than a year later with Arnold's change of sides. Soon after Ticonderoga, Arnold brought his men on a dangerous trek through the . He also began to insist on a face-to-face meeting, and suggested to Arnold that he pursue another high-level command. In a July 11 letter, he complained that the British did not appear to trust him, and threatened to break off negotiations unless progress was made. Apparently, Arnold also had self-confidence issues and his new wife Peggy wasn't helping the situation. When in February 1777 Congress created five new major generalships, Arnold was passed over in favour of his juniors. During this time, Arnold brought his sister Hannah to New Haven and established her in his apothecary to manage the business in his absence. [80] Many of these documents had been lost during the retreat from Quebec. Peggy Shippen, or Margaret Shippen (July 11, 1760 - August 24, 1804), was the second wife of General Benedict Arnold (following Margaret Mansfield, who died in 1775). His mother came from a wealthy family, but his alcoholic father squandered their estate. He was extremely unpopular there and returned to London permanently in 1791, where he died ten years later. She exerted powerful influence on her husband, who is said to have been his own man but who actually was swayed by his staff and certainly by his wife. He grew resentful of several rival and younger generals who had been promoted ahead of him and given honors which he thought he deserved. Peggy's Childhood Peggy was the daughter of Edward Shippen and born into a prominent Philadelphia family. When American leaders discovered the plot, Arnold fled. The two-story edifice occupied a lot on the west side of Market between East Main and Division Streets. Shutterstock Though one might guess that the dish was named for Benedict Arnold, the most famous traitor of the American Revolution, it was not. He followed up that action with a bold raid on Fort Saint-Jean on the Richelieu River north of Lake Champlain. [a][133] Historical markers in Danvers, Massachusetts, and Newburyport, MA commemorate Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec. These letters were delivered by Samuel Wallis, another Philadelphia businessman who spied for the British, rather than by Stansbury. Peggy Shippen had barely turned eighteen when in June of 1778, following the evacuation of Philadelphia by a British army, Major General Benedict . Letters were to be passed through the women's circle that Peggy Arnold was a part of, but only Peggy would be aware that some letters contained instructions that were to be passed on to Andr, written in both code and invisible ink, using Stansbury as the courier. These charges were then referred to Congress, and Arnold asked for an immediate court-martial to clear himself. Name: Ethan Allen; Birth . He did, however, investigate its extent, and suggested that he was willing to exchange Andr for Arnold during negotiations with Clinton concerning Andr's fate. [111] He renewed that request when he learned of the surrender, which Clinton then granted. -Benedict Arnold, January, 1780. [23] The Stamp Act prompted Arnold to join the chorus of voices in opposition, and also led to his joining the Sons of Liberty, a secret organization which advocated resistance to those and other restrictive Parliamentary measures. From psychological wounds received in his Connecticut childhood when his alcoholic father squandered the family's fortunes? He won a victory at Fort Stanwix (now Rome) in August 1777 and commanded advance battalions at the Battle of Saratoga that autumn, fighting brilliantly until seriously wounded. But the brash war herohe helped take Fort Ticonderoga and led troops. With the permission of his master, Armistead enlisted in the Revolutionary War under General Lafayette. [55], Andr conferred with Clinton, who gave him broad authority to pursue Arnold's offer. [70] This initial letter opened a discussion on the types of assistance and intelligence that Arnold might provide, and included instructions for how to communicate in the future. His first name was actually Enoch. The combined assault (December 31, 1775) failed, Montgomery was killed, and Arnold was severely wounded. Needed repairs were never ordered on the chain across the Hudson. [84], Arnold next wrote a series of letters to Clinton, even before he might have expected a response to the July 7 letter. [101] From the ship, he wrote a letter to Washington[102] requesting that Peggy be given safe passage to her family in Philadelphiawhich Washington granted. After the war, he petitioned to have Vermont become a state. "[65] A few days later, Arnold wrote to Greene and lamented over the "deplorable" and "horrid" situation of the country at that particular moment, citing the depreciating currency, disaffection of the army, and internal fighting in Congress, while predicting "impending ruin" if things did not change soon. In 1776, he deployed defensive and delay tactics at the Battle of Valcour Island in Lake Champlain that gave American forces time to prepare New York's defenses. The Arnold residence attained the reputation as one of early Amsterdam's finer homes. Arnold purchased large tracts of land in the Maugerville area, and acquired city lots in Saint John and Fredericton. Word of the siege's disastrous outcome led the company to turn around, and Arnold served for only 13 days. "Since the fall of Lucifer," General Nathanial Greene judged, "nothing has equaled the fall of Arnold." Yet Arnold's accomplishments for the patriot cause were extraordinary. At the end of 1781 Arnold went to England. One thing that we can set aside is any notion that the dish was named after Benedict Arnold, the Revolutionary War general who became the most famous American traitor in history after he defected to the British army and became a general for the other side, leading troops against those he once commanded. Washington also infiltrated men into New York City in an attempt to capture Arnold. Later he became infamous for being a traitor, fighting for the British. Arnold's Family Life Was Messy By The Time He Was 20. 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